Environmental Safety Essay

What might occur if organizations overlooked social obligation? what might occur if ecological wellbeing was not thought of? The world would be brimming with harmful components and squanders. Organizations need to guarantee social duty as a component of the general public. Social duty is the association of a business in social issues to guarantee item security, great services,employees great wellbeing and the general cultural turn of events. As Lance says, â€Å"Businesses have a commitment to the community† (Besser, 2002. 13). This, a business ought to do close by the genuine points a business was set up for. They are in this way said to be related with the general public. For a business to achieve social duty, a social issue must be recognized, dissected at that point actualized in this way reacting to the improvement of the general public (Besser, 2002). Recognizable proof: There are such a significant number of social issues a business needs to manage, for instance representative issues just to guarantee employee’s great wellbeing and great working conditions,legal issues that interest for activity as indicated by the standard of law, financial issues that requires creation of value and safe products and ventures, and the moral issues that thinks about moral issues in a general public (Hughes and Kapoor. ninth version). The fundamental issue in this conversation is natural security. This is named a legitimate issue however can too be a moral issue since the general public isn't sleeping (Hughes and Kapoor. ninth version). Hurting the network isn't satisfactory and a business could never have accomplishment with that. The general public will agitator, and who might manage such a business at any rate? Do you figure a general public would require products and ventures from a business that doesn't place into thought there wellbeing and prosperity? Ecological contamination has consistently been a hindrance to great business and client relationship if regardless a business doesn't deal with that cautiously. For a business to guarantee accomplishment among other administrative obligations, it needs to execute projects to manage the social issue and guarantee security by forestalling and diminishing contamination. This sort of contamination can be through numerous ways from a business. At the point when it is an industry, there could be air contamination because of the poisonous gases delivered during creation forms. There could likewise be air contamination because of radioactive materials inside the organization. Natural security for the most part manages organizations that produce harmful materials and waste to the earth. Squander items in this way additionally represent a major danger to contamination if not arranged fittingly. The other is water contamination because of poisonous waste dumped to water sources (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008) . Examination: A business has consistently to consider it’s administrative respectability, the moral qualities, the way of thinking of activity just as promise to authoritative ability when managing a social issue (Besser, 2002). Examination is an extreme zone for the business in addition to thinking about how it will execute it. In any case, there is a legislative association, with the control frameworks that help the organizations meet the necessities for social duty. For the natural issue,the U. S Environmental Protection Agency offers rules and consistence projects to different contamination avoidance techniques (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008). In this way a business has simply to investigate the wellsprings of contamination inside it and what likely can cause contamination and search for control strategies from the Environmental Protection Agency. There are different ways contamination can happen, through water, air, air and radiation, and squanders (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008 ). The business should search for the rules, prerequisites, and any techniques for each wellspring of contamination from the business. Execution: Good administration is required for the accomplishment of a business. Similarly as expressed previously, one of the administrative obligations is managing social duty. A business needs to draw out an arrangement so as to actualize this. Projects with the means for usage are extraordinary and are utilized on inclination. Much the same as the backers of the social responsiveness program lean toward their program because of certain gainful components to them (Besser, 2002). A business consequently needs to choose that program which it favors dependent on it’s own reasons of advantages. One of the means to execution is the three concentric circles of the CED. This incorporates the inward circle, that manages the financial obligation guaranteeing quality and safe items and the arrangement of occupations and administrations. The halfway circle which guarantees the business arrangements and practices are reliable to the cultural qualities. The last circle which requires the business to move in the direction of network improvement. A second program with steps that could be utilized is the social inclusion program. This program doesn't have faith in social obligation as the backers rejected the name of social duty previously. They incline toward social responsiveness and along these lines has exercises that manage the results due to the business’s exercises during the time spent achieving their strategic monetary capacity to the general public. This hence guarantees item quality and security, decreased and forestalled contamination of the earth along these lines meeting social prerequisites. A third program is the Carrol’s classification of social obligation. Carrol’s program depends on the perspectives that the general public hopes for something else than monetary obligations by the organizations. The means are arranged by significance, with financial obligation being the first, trailed by the legitimate issues then moral and finally optional duties that requests for social upgrades. The moral issue requires a business to lead it’s exercises in a moral way. Lawful requirements creation observing the standards of law (Besser, 2002). For a business to guarantee ecological wellbeing, it can look over both of the projects. Being that the national security measures for the earth are as of now set by the Environmental Protection organization by the United States government. Execution at that point is finished. Social obligation, must be a piece of the business. Great connection among society and business prompts more deals in this manner more benefit and the large gift is achievement! References Besser T. , 2002. The inner voice of Capitalism-Business social Responsibility to networks. Greenwood distributing gathering. IOWA U. S Environmental Protection. Consistence and Enforcements recovered from http://www. epa. gov/consistence/business/? cm_sp=ExternalLink-_-Federal-_-EPA

The Roots and Origins of Islamic Terrorism Essay Example for Free

The Roots and Origins of Islamic Terrorism Essay Since the 1970s fear mongering against the US has been developing and on September eleventh it became clear that psychological warfare will be a significant issue the US will look in the years ahead. The inquiry this exposition looks to investigate is: what is fear mongering and what are some the reasons for this enemy of US psychological oppression? So as to discover the reasons for hostile to US psychological oppression, this article will examine different scholastic works with an end goal to discover a few clarifications of what causes against US fear based oppression. I will analyze a couple diverse theory that attempt to clarify the reasons for fear mongering, yet my examination I intend to contend that enemy of US psychological oppression is established in political and social developments by irate Islamic fundamentalists who think utilizing non-ordinary strategies are the most normal approach to battle the US and the western forces. Fear monger gatherings, for example, Al-Qaeda, don't consider strategy to be the US as a choice to voice their requests since they consider the To be as a superpower that is reluctant to tune in to their requests and furthermore in light of the fact that the majority of the Arab governments are companions with the US. Since strategy isn't an accessible choice and there is a failure to officially battle the west militarily, fear based oppressors bunches have decided to utilize non-customary strategies to battle the west. Investigation into this issue is significant for political research since psychological warfare has become a significant security issue for the US and different nations around the globe. Additionally, investigation into the reasons for fear based oppression is significant in light of the fact that it is a strategy that non-state on-screen characters can and will utilize the years ahead as a type of influence against the US and the West. In my decision I will introduce some potential arrangements how psychological warfare can ideally be halted later on. Characterizing fear mongering as one unequivocal thing isn't a simple assignment, however by and large psychological oppression is viewed as non-regular type of fighting that people or gatherings can use to battle for their plan, regardless of whether it is a political, social, strict and additionally monetary reason. Fear mongers utilize numerous non-traditional methods of battling, for example, vehicle bombs, keeping individuals pris oner, and now and again capturing planes. As a ‘weapon of the weak’, psychological warfare is conveyed by gatherings to pick up media consideration and perceivability as the initial phase in picking up ‘name recognition’ inside the worldwide network. (Nacos 1994). Through the exposure produced by their savagery, fear based oppressors try to get the influence, impact and force they in any case need to make political change on either a neighborhood or a universal scale. The conventional laws of war don't applyâ to psychological oppression, mostly on the grounds that fear based oppressor bunches don't stand to settlements on war, and furthermore in light of the fact that psychological oppressor bunches use dread as their type of influence, which is the reason it is alright for them to murder blameless individuals. In instances of gatherings, for example, Al-Qaeda murdering guiltless individuals isn't viewed as an awful thing on the grounds that to them there is a strict legitimization. Force has consistently assumed a urgent job in the worldwide framework and dependent on this standard we can accept that the battle for power impacts the choice of fear monger gatherings to submit demonstrations of psychological oppression. (Sobeck Braithwaite 200 5) In an examination by David Sobek and Alex Braithwaite the two analysts estimate that as political, military, and discretionary abilities become gathered into American and unified hands, the measure of fear mongering coordinated against Americas interests will increment as an approach to balance this force. Since fear mongers are non-state on-screen characters they don't approach ordinary types of battling or the political channels that states use to determine their debates, they should utilize non-traditional types of battling. The decision to utilize fear based oppressor exercises emerges reasonably from the ecological setting inside which these gatherings wind up in, in that psychological warfare is the most practical path for the psychological militants to achieve their objectives. (Ajami 2001) The United States’ prevalent situation on the planet influences the choice of psychological oppressor gatherings to dispatch fear based oppressor assaults against US interests globally. As the United States turns out to be progressively prevailing, the measure of fear based oppression coordinated against it is probably going to increment. Psychological warfare is seen by the fear mongers as a counterbalancing instrument. (Sobeck Braithwaite 2005) Increasing American predominance restra ins the capacity of gatherings with revisionist perspectives on the global framework, for example, that of the Palestinians, to be heard, not to mention changed. (Sobeck Braithwaite 2005) The choices accessible for these gatherings to act are strategy, maybe through a NGO or their home state in the event that they are happy to tune in, or fear mongering, which is proposed to make a moment reaction (Most Starr, 1989) From these decisions, psychological oppressor bunches pick systems that they see as discerning that will expand their normal result. (Sobeck Braithwaite 2005) This implies the choice to take part in fear based oppression relates straightforwardly to the normal viability of an activity and the feasible adjustments got on the off chance that it is fruitful. For instance the psychological militant exercises of 9/11 cost Al-Qaeda generally 400,000â dollars and nineteen lives were lost all the while, however the result of causing a great many passings, a few billion dollars of harm, and in particular making dread in the brains of a great many individuals overall was a very ‘cost-effective’ choice by Al-Qaeda to put world focus on their enemy of US position. (Sobeck Braithwaite 2005) The craving to balance the US and west and expel from the Middle East a long with conviction that it potential has caused the formation of numerous fear monger bunches since the 1970s. This enemy of western inclination had been around for quite a while, yet the making of Israel and the developing measure of western impact in the district truly started fear based oppressor developments in this timespan. Gatherings, for example, Hezbollah, a Lebanese gathering that has been around since the 1980s, have understood that utilizing non-ordinary fighting, for example, exploding the US Embassy in Beirut, can be an approach to battle and kill the customary military predominance of a superpower. (Cannistraro and Giraldi 2007) This activity appeared to be a triumph for Hezbollah as US and French powers pulled back from the nation after the besieging. This demonstration of evacuating western nations utilizing fear mongering motivated other psychological militant gatherings to attempt to battle W estern impact in their nations of origin and to battle western nations in their country as observed by the assaults of 9/11 and the bombings in Madrid. It is a typical misperception that psychological oppressors are crazy and not discerning entertainers since they use strategies, for example, self destruction, however this isn't really the situation. Marc Sageman, a previous CIA official, considered the sanity of psychological militants and found that the well known delineations of programmed or poor and uneducated fear mongers are commonly false. He profiled 382 fear mongers and his work uncovers that psychological militants are bound to be typical, knowledgeable sorts with families and great expert level employments. (Sageman 2002) Most are center or high society and not poor, youthful, single, and additionally deceived. (Sageman 2002) Only a little rate had any strict training, and many, in excess of 70 percent, had some advanced degree. (Sageman 2002) Sageman reasoned that Al Qaeda and its related gatherings are commonly made out of men who are very knowledgeable, wealthy, and stable. As per Vincent Cannistraro and Philip Girald i fear mongers go about as theyâ do not on the grounds that they are insane but since they accept what they do will achieve change to the worldwide political business as usual. Psychological oppressors consider fear mongering to be an approach to make power where there is none or to solidify power where there is practically nothing. (Hoffman 1998) For the worldwide Salafist psychological oppressors, the goal is to stopped degenerate Arab systems, supplanting them with theocracies, and to bring and end to western impact from Muslim terrains. For the locally based gatherings, for example, Hamas, the reason for fear mongering is national freedom from involving powers for example Israel. (Cannistraro and Giraldi 2007) It can likewise be contended that despite the fact that demonstrations of fear based oppression are all around censured, they invigorate media inclusion of an issue and give an opening to direct associations to request that people in general consider the authenticity of what the psychological oppressors are battling for as a different issue from the strategies the gatherings use for example it very well may be contended that the fear based oppress ion in Israel has expanded familiarity with poor states of the Palestinian individuals. (Adamson) Alongside being a political development, fear based oppression has now additionally become a sociological marvel in parts of the Muslim world and in the west. In parts of the Middle East psychological oppressors bunches start to frame when individuals from the general public feel annoyed with their home government for working with the US or different reasons that cause them to feel pariah for example monetary reasons, feeling less honorable than individuals of the west, and so on. It normally takes an alluring pioneer to take the dissatisfaction of the numerous outsider individuals and channel it into a development. In the expressions of Eric Hoffer, it is typically â€Å"an externalizing hatemongering leader† who â€Å"manipulates the sludge of disappointed souls.† (Hoffer 1989) Terrorist bunch pioneers, for example, Osama Bin Laden, are viewed as a specialist for the gathering and they censure an outside reason for their challenges of the gathering and honestly legiti mize hostility against the accepted source for example the US. (Robins Post, 1997). When individuals are enlisted into these gatherings, there is an unmistakable intertwining of individual personality and gathering character, especially among the more extreme components of every association. This is genuine both for the Islamist psychological oppressors of Hamas just as Al Qaeda and the worldwide Salafi jihad. (Post 2005) For individuals from these psychological militant gatherings ‘success’ inside the network is characterized as

Ross and Haas Admissions Officers (online)

Blog Archive July 21 Choosing the Right B-Schools w/ Ross and Haas Admissions Officers (online) Which MBA program is right for me? How can I find the best fit? Join us for the special session of our B-School selection workshop with special guests, Soojin Kwon Koh, Admissions Director at the University of Michigan-Ross and Peter Johnson, Admissions Director at Berkeley-Haas. Jeremy Shinewald, Founder and President of mbaMission, will kick things off by discussing seven factors which differentiate MBA programs â€" the flexibility of a program’s curriculum, breadth of core courses, different methods of instruction, varying sizes of the cohorts and more. Thereafter, our guests will discuss these elements as they pertain to their programs and answer any questions you may have on the admissions process. Tune in so that you can make an educated decision when you apply! Join us for  an   event that will be essential to your B-School planning! All attendees  at this exclusive event will receive: $100 off any 9-session ManhattanGMAT course Free access to a ManhattanGMAT computer adaptive practice exam Free half hour consultation with an mbaMission consultant Sign up today! Share ThisTweet mbaMission Events

A Contemplation Upon Flowers - 1823 Words

A Contemplation Upon Flowers: In the poem A Contemplation Upon Flowers by Henry King the comparison of the life of a simple flower is made to the life of a human, in the sense that we both are born, we both live, and we both must die. Majority of people fear death, but the flowers accept death with open arms and a smile. This poem by Henry King praises flowers for not only their humble lifestyles but also for their acceptance of death. Henry King uses the literary device of personification, a strong and effective way to give the flowers a voice, and to help the reader grasp and understand the poem. He also uses that literary device to humble the reader in order to better understand the way that the flower smiles in the face of†¦show more content†¦An affective literary device used by Robert P. Tristram Coffin in his poem Forgive My Guilt is imagery. Imagery creates an affective setting for the poem and allows the reader to visualize every part of the poem. Another literary device used by the poet in this poem is Similes, the similes are great ways to get across a precise setting and image. Forgive My Guilt is also an example of a narrative poem because of the way the poet writes ,as if he is retelling the story. This poem can be analyzed in many ways, but one is in the sense that the young boy really represents humanity on a whole, while the two birds represent our earth , eco-systems, and Mother Nature. These things are beautiful, exotic, graceful, and full of life, but just as the young boy we are killing it. We have ignored the beauty of earth and instead of admiring it we have ‘shot’ it left it wounded and waiting to die. We our filled with guilt and remorse for what we have done, and beg for forgiveness in the way that we are trying to fix and undo what we have done to our earth. We just as the young boy are filled with guilt. West Indies, U.S.A In the poem West Indies, U.S.A. written by Stewart Brown it about a person who is travelling through the Caribbean and is excited to arrive in Puerto Rico, but to his/her surprise there is no grand welcoming in Puerto Rico rather they are treated unwelcomingly. Although Puerto Rico is a Caribbean country, there is high security ; and instead of lookingShow MoreRelatedThe Duality of Hamlet’s Character Portrayed in Shakespeares Hamlet607 Words   |  3 Pagesof humanity is created by Hamlet in his first soliloquy. This simple comparison brings to life the feeling that the treachery and corruption surrounding him is enveloping all that he is familiar with. No longer is he able to see the metaphorical flowers of joy and prosperity that were once so familiar and comforting to him as they are becoming increasingly obscured by the rampant weeds of vile corruption. 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The title seems to mean now, Woman to Man as if the woman is offering herself to the Man, offering her body to create a child, through the act ofRead MoreThe Demise of Macbeth.1338 Words   |  6 Pagescharacters Macbeth and Banquo as they stumble upon the weird sisters, who greet them with their prophecy that Macbeth will be Thane of Cawdor, and King. â€Å"All Hail Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! All Hail Macbeth, that shalt be King hereafter!†(Act 1, Scene 3, Line 50-53) Banquo doesn’t take them seriously, but Macbeth is intrigued by their words and believes what they say. â€Å"Stay you imperfect speakers, tell me more†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Act 1, Scene 3, Line 70). The contemplation of their prophecies allows this ideaRead MoreRomanticism And Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1461 Words   |  6 Pageslevel of morality and commitment to oneself. A basic belief of the movement was that the natural was good without exception and that all bad in the world wa s created by society. There were six basic tenets of Romantic literature: exploration and contemplation of the supernatural or natural world, characters that are youthful and innocent, feelings over rationality, nature over civilization, freedom of the individual, and inspiration by folklore and myth. Also according to James Sutherland, â€Å"In literatureRead MoreA Comparison of Nature in Romantic Poetry1097 Words   |  5 Pagesholds a different meaning for Wordsworth. The beauty of morning; silent, bare, excerpt from Composed on Westminster Bridge. A main source of interest for Wordsworth is the absence of an unnatural presence, such as a city. In his sonnet, Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802, Wordsworth views London at the break of dawn, admiring the serenity and artistic impact of the scenery. A sight so touching in its majesty. He finds it an almost spiritual experience by simply observing

Marketing Comparison International and Domestic - 1950 Words

Running head: MARKETING COMPARISON Marketing Comparison: International and Domestic Australia and the United States Marketing Comparison: International and Domestic Australia and the United States As defined by the American Marketing Association, Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders (AMA, 2004, 2). The definition is applied to any product, business firm in any targeted country. Marketing is the core of any business venture. Two basic functions are derived from marketing: 1) to retain and sustain present customer base, and 2) to develop†¦show more content†¦2). Statistically, 76% are Christians (Anglican, Roman Catholic, and the Uniting Church), with the remaining 24% as religions from immigrant religions, such as Islam and Buddhism. The average family consists of 2 to 3 children, with larger families conducive to immigrant groups. The United States was founded on the freedom from religious persecution; therefore, historically religion has ties to the formation of the American government. Roughly, 80% of Americans are of the Christian faith and regard religion as a personal matter (United States of America, 2007, p. 2). English is the national and prevailing language; however, Australian English is unique as the language contains numerous colloquialisms and idioms. Examples taken from Commonwealth of Australia (2007): Spot on means Right on . A prang is a fender bender . If someone is unwell, he or she is crook. English is also the national and prevailing language in American; however, English is referred to as American English also, full of unique idioms (United States of America, 2007, p. 2). Cultural influences are the most difficult and essential modifications confronting international marketers. Marketers are confronted with different attitudes, lifestyles, beliefs, languages all of which will affect the implementation of the marketing mix. Political Influences Imperative to every marketer s evaluation of an international market is an appreciation for the political environment of theShow MoreRelatedInternational and Domestic Marketing Comparison Paper: India and the United States1408 Words   |  6 PagesInternational and Domestic Marketing Comparison Paper: India and the United States Introduction Nations, like the people who inhabit them, are all different. Some, like the United States, are at the forefront of technology and development. Others exist as third world nations, where even the most basic necessities are hard to come by. And then there are those which are in the middle, such as India. 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Role of Media - 1877 Words

It can change opinions because they have access to people and this gives it a lot of strength. This strength can either be used constructively by educating the people or it can be used destructively by misleading the innocent people. Power of the media can transform the whole society especially in the developing countries it can be used as a weapon of mass destruction. But I think the most important use of media is to educate the people about the basic human rights. The dilemma of the developing countries is that people are not fully aware of their basic rights and if they know, they dont know about what to do and where to go. They dont know their collective strength. Even they dont know how to protest and what is the importance of†¦show more content†¦It is through the newspapers, many a time that marriages are arranged, and lost things are found. People pay homage to their dead relatives through the obituary notes in the newspapers.In short, newspapers contain all what is needed and desired by every person relating to any field of life. Newspapers play manifold character in almost all fields of life and are becoming more and important day by day. Education plays a vital role in the all round development of the society. Educated masses help in the development of a civilized society wherein they carry on their activities smoothly and hassle-free. People in a educated society communicate with each other, understand each other’s problems and provide solutions. An educated society, city, state, and country lay the foundation of a great world. Education plays the biggest role in society because without it, we wouldnt have doctors, lawyers, etc...Plus, some people who dont have education usually end up as delinquents.We commend the people of Bong County for many contributions to the Press Union of Liberia as it celebrated its 45th Anniversary in Gbarnga. We say Bravo! Bravo!! to the Press Union of Liberia and the People of Bong County. Role Of Media In Modern Society There are many different ways in which people communicate such as, through the phone, through personal encounters, and by attending work place, school, seminars etc. Though media is not the only communication medium usedShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Media Coverage On The Media1399 Words   |  6 Pages While analysing media ownership, it resulted clear how proprietorial influence plays an important role in citizens’ lives. It is not just a matter of controlling the news outcome but it also directly influences politics where media coverage is essential for the spreading of ideas. Regarding this topic, the perfect example in position of power is Rupert Murdoch, a man whose only cravings are power and control, a man who has built an empire from the ground earning a position of international respectRead MoreGender Roles And The Media867 Words   |  4 Pagessee women in the media have many roles that men have, such as, police officer, doctor and running to become president, while a nurse and teacher have emerged as both men and women jobs. Over time, the media show how gender role had changed but are what the media is showing the truth about the gender roles in the United States. Historian and scholar had written about this subject of gender roles and how the media affect our view. Thesis statement Reality vs. Fiction Is the media giving the publicRead MoreRole Of The Media And Government1570 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This assignment will analyse the role of the media and government in sports. Nowadays the media have playing a fundamental role in the sports. The 2000 UEFA Champions League football final between Real Madrid and Valencia was involved 300 hours of coverage world-wide, was be seed in more than 200 countries, using 100 television channels and 80 broadcasters. In March 2004 the IOC began the bidding process for the European TV rights to cover the 2012 and 2010 Olympic Games. The USA biddingRead MoreThe Role Of Electronic And The Media943 Words   |  4 Pagesthis model, the role of electronic and media in promoting awareness, willingness of nursing staff and review committee to revise policies and curriculum, and cost and feasibility of infrastructural changes are discussed in detail. 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The twentieth century was an era that saw an explosion of mass media however, prior to the late 1980s; the only form of mass media that was prominent of that time was literature. It was noted that back in these times, the average person had to get by with music and oral storytelling or live action media through the form of plays or even gladiatorial

Honeymoon by Lana Del Rey free essay sample

Lana Del Rey has been known for being a sultry songstress in the world of pop music since her first album, Born To Die, and despite the mixed reviews of critics, it is safe to say her lyrics and vintage persona have left a mark in pop culture.Del Rey’s lyrics are captivating stories that reveal her glamorous and edgy past, usually visually accompanied in her music videos with swimming pools and late night drive ins.Released in September 2015, her fourth studio album Honeymoon drifts from the moody aura and darker themes her previous album Ultraviolence conveyed, bringing in a more ethereal and surreal sound. The dramatic and emotional violin in the title track, â€Å"Honeymoon,† starts the album off with cinematic vibes as Lana coos the first verse in her signature deep voice and haunting tone: â€Å"We both know, that it’s not fashionable to love me.†The album follows with another moody track, â€Å"Terrence Loves You,† which is then followed up b y a more celestial track, â€Å"Music to Watch Boys To,† where Del Rey’s trademark vintage persona is truly reflected as she sings about pink flamingos and lemonade with a soft drum beat in the background. We will write a custom essay sample on Honeymoon by Lana Del Rey or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The eerie track â€Å"God Knows I Tried† is similar to the melancholy vibes felt in Ultraviolence, and is then followed up by â€Å"High By the Beach,† an angsty song with a powerful beat that shifts from Del Rey’s usual airy sound to a more catchy and pop-esque direction.â€Å"Freak† follows after with an atmospheric melody and beat that smoothly transitions to â€Å"Art Deco,† which captures the album’s harmonious chill vibes.â€Å"Burnt Norton Interlude† is a chilling and ethereal recitation of T.S. Eliot’s famous poem delivered by Del Rey herself, which introduces the nostalgic pop anthems â€Å"Religion,† â€Å"Salvatore,† â€Å"The Blackest Day,† â€Å"24,† and â€Å"Swan Song† that are similar to the tracks in Born to Die but with a cinematic twist.The album closes with a strong cover of Nina Simone’s famous song, â€Å"Don’t Let Me Be Misunderstood,† and it is the second time Del Rey follows the trend of Ultraviolence with the last song being â€Å"The Other Woman,† tying some of the same elements from her previous albums to create the perfect, whimsical sound of Honeymoon. As a huge fan of Lana Del Rey, I believe Honeymoon is her best album yet because she incorporates all of her previous sounds and lyrics to create the perfect compromise between Born to Die and Ultraviolence.Honeymoon is a unique pop masterpiece that will definitely not disappoint fans and new listeners.

The Changes in the Public Domain

The article â€Å"The Public Domain† by Richard Sannett brings out the balance between the private and public lifestyles. The analogy presented compares between the early Roman Empire with the modern times through analysis and explanation of the similarity between people’s views regarding the public space. He writes about â€Å"love outside the public domain† where he expounds his claims of sexuality being socially measurable through its dimensions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Changes in the Public Domain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to his writing, the modern person is rebellious to the sexual expression and this revolutionary hinders the eminent perception regarding sexuality. Selfishness or egotism denies the modern person opportunities because of viewing the significance of an event or a person as the benefits of an engagement. Today, people consider commitment as a restriction for prospective chances to gain or experience new things. People have traded off social participation for self-gain. According to Richard Sannett, today the public space suffers from abandonment and it receives a non-existent perception for instance (p. 13), a London built house â€Å"the Brunswick Centre† has a middle public space with just a few shops however, majority part of the space is practically empty. People consider this vacant space as an area to pass through and not to occupy with other practices or businesses. The public moreover utilizes less space since most of its area suffers from bunging from the most important avenues of London. It lessens the public feelings and this is the main reason why most people tend to seek out better definitive private space. Richard Sannett also talks of the various changes found in the public domain. His iteration persuades people to understand the shift by ensuring they are aware of the difference between public and private. The meaning of the â€Å"public sphere† has undergone wide transformation to the current definition of life outside the family setting or that, which does not involve close friends. People’s needs and interdependence styles of living have drastically declined from the desire to be in charge of public life to a desire of avoiding it. During the nineteenth century (p. 25), the reorganization of the worldly code had a huge impact on the public life, thus killing people’s aspiration to engage in it. People considered the public space as an eternal domain and therefore going close by appeared to be a disgrace. Today the public life is comparable to the decline of the Roman Empire and has become a formal obligation. People seek the reflection of their consciousness on authenticity of the feelings as opposed to a manifestation of principals. The ideas of psychology of private life in the modern times are hectic considering that the lack of independence regardi ng social interaction, environmental influences and impulsive differences in generations is important.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The conscious mind remains as the only private life that cannot suffer the harsh social conditions and thus it lingers as an isolated entity for protection. This means that the inner personality has become a principal burden within and thus it is impossible to understand oneself as the basis to understanding the world. The refinement of personality is extremely severe for arrival at a private principal. We lack the ability to give account of ourselves and it becomes more difficult to experience and express feelings. Under the current meaning of â€Å"private†, the society is only meaningful when converted as a complete spiritual system. For instance according to the normal perception, a politician job entails drafting and executing legisla tion but this does not trigger the concern of the society until there is a political struggle that shows their personalities. The perception is credible and legitimate but this can only get judgement through analysis of actions exposed especially to solve a conflict. According to Sennett’s writing, people are obsessed with persons at the expense of critical social relations and this is the reason we are not able to legitimize rationality of the society. In the current industrialized society, the imposed believe shows the community as an act of communally shared personal disclosure that undervalues the relationship with strangers. Ironically, this perception inhibits the development of basic personality strengths such as respect for other people privacy. In the present days, people live in a civilized manner where the evil secrets are undisclosed. The public sphere is very important because of bringing individuals and communities together and enables the public agencies to bes tow them with proper leadership. The privately managed organizations also provide guidance over operations that nurture health and power of gathering places. To manage the public space successfully, flexible and responsive management that is strongly based on good decision-making procedures, entrepreneurship ideas, proper funding, networking and public involvement is imperative. The role of the community in the public sphere is to ensure it reflects on people’s needs. The public place ought to be equipped with current social and economical amenities that interests and ensures people stay connected to each other. Facilities such as the park come about through proper use of the sphere. People are able to lounge and participate in the events when the space remains well balanced.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Changes in the Public Domain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Today the private sphere is evide nt through the Information Communication Technology (ICT). Certain human elements have survived through time such as freedom or need for expression, companionship, necessity for information exchange through connections and communication though involvement. The ICT especially the web technology has broken the digital divide to allow virtual communication that rebuilds any lost communicative aspects. Now the virtual communities fit the explanation of â€Å"third places† as Oldenburg portrays. People boast the need to discover dependable neutral grounds to interact and refuge. This is the â€Å"third place away from the first place; their homes and the second; their work place. The third place deals with issues pertaining public domain. Arguably, the pubs, salons and other social gathering places are a good representation of the third place these days. There has been a great problem within the African American setting regarding the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquire d Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). People were quite about the problem because of the perception that it is associated with consequences of behaviour. The populace in the community remain stigmatized because the issue faces confinement with other aspects of immorality and sinful acts such as promiscuity or drug abuse. A functional community is self-sustaining because of its ability to address the wellbeing of its members and ensure they get direct or indirect approaches. A healthy community is able to discuss and address issues concern with people survival such as HIV/AIDS. This is the role of the public sphere is certainly a creation of encouraging aspects of life such as emotional safety, or a sense of belonging. As Ray Oldenburg would put it, the third place functions has an aspect of compensating functions that are missing in peoples lives because without the community, the individual’s sense of wellbeing translates to poisoning Works Cited Sennett, Richard. â€Å"The Changes in the Public Domain.† The fall of Public Man. New York: Vintage, 1978: 12-27 This essay on The Changes in the Public Domain was written and submitted by user Mallory Oneil to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

US Aid to Developing Nations essays

US Aid to Developing Nations essays Assisting developing nations in the world is a US foreign policy priority in the pursuit of what the administration of President George W. Bush considers its moral imperative to combat poverty (Inter-American Development Bank 2002). In realizing this pursuit and implementing the foreign policy, he proposed a new initiative of development that would increase its accountability for both rich and poor nations and encourage the same commitment from, and link up with, other developed nations towards developing ones. In demonstrating this high level of commitment, President Bush raised the US core development assistance fund by 50% or 5 billion over 2002 level and deposited into a New Millennium Challenge Account for the benefit of developing nations' economies and standards of living (Inter- American Development Bank). The US has been the world's largest provider of humanitarian assistance and food aid at $3 billion in 2000; spends a billion dollars every month in the war against terrorism; contributed $978 million in 2001 along to international peacekeeping (Inter-American Development); imports the most from developing countries - $450 billion in 2000 alone or eight times more than all Official Development Assistance (ODA) country donors; and is the top source of private capital to developing nations at an average of $36 billion a year between 1997 and 2000 and of charitable donations to these nations, $ 4 billion in 2000 In 2000 alone, the US gave out $10 billion worth of ODA and even substantially increased afterwards in priority sectors, such as HIV/AIDS (54%), basic education (50%), trade and investment (38%), and agriculture (38%) (Inter-American Development Bank). Its core development assistance package rose significantly in Africa at 30%, Asia and the Near East at 39% and Latin America and the Caribbean at 29%. American aid to these developing or poor countries would ...

DOMINION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DOMINION - Essay Example Biblical texts have shown emphasis and influence on the comprehension of human beings and how we think of ourselves in reference to God our creator and the environment around us. The verse evaluates human dignity as well as privileges given to him by the Creator, human sexuality, women and men relationship, and man’s role in relation to the creation. It is here where the bible illustrate the dominion of man in reference to the world (Genesis 1: 28). This dominion is phrased such that human beings have the role to exploit the environment but to do it responsibly meaning; to use the available resources to help him but not misusing them (Culture and Bible 1995). The role also extends to naming the animals, monitoring their activities, and developing the nature of the world; this is because it defines the hierarchy of authority and power. In short, human beings play the role of the head of the house as far as the whole creation is concerned (Anderson, Bernhard 1975). Man has responsibility to govern and supervise the overall creation. This is because they have added features such as they are capable of differentiating between the wrong and right which gives man a basis of decision making. The added feature resulted from God’s images and likeness unlike the rest, and this brings about the aspect of

Business Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Ethics - Research Paper Example Ethics can be written or unwritten depending with the extent of the interaction between parties. Some of the written ethics that a person must follow are contracts and warning signs such as this is a non smoking zone. Failure to follow such regulations may have negative effects to the other parties (Howie, 1987, p.17). Business ethics are moral principles that guide business people to earn their profits without having to infringe losses or doing harm to the other party. Some of the major principles include principle of common good, principle of beneficence, principle of respect of autonomy etc. These principles guide the interaction between two parties by putting boundaries and outlining the expected behavior by those individuals when transacting their activities. If not followed, the other parties might suffer. One of example where ethics are not followed in doing business is tarnishing the name and products of the competitor in order to increase the size of the target customers. Bu siness is therefore expected to compete in a neutral ground without doing any harm to each other (Howie, 1987). Importance of business ethics One of the major importances of business ethics is ensuring that there is a good coexistence between business personnel or corporations. The main aim of any business is to make profits. As a result, some business goes to an extra mile of using unethical means to ensure that they eliminate the competitors in order to increase their profit margin. One of the examples of unethical behavior is a business person purchasing all the products of the competitor in the market in order to reduce customer loyalty towards the products of the competitor. When ethical principles are keenly followed, businesses are able to exist peacefully without any of them doing harm to the other (Brooks, Dunn, 2009, pp. 66). Business ethics improves customer loyalty towards the products or services. Currently, customers are very keen on what they are consuming and the sou rce of the product. As a result, they keep on monitoring the ethical standards of their preferred company or businesses. If the business acts unethically be it through its transaction or even employees being unethical this may have an adverse repercussion. This tarnishes the image of the company/business, an aspect that reduces trust of the customers towards the product. This behavior may result to reduced revenue of which can lead to collapsing of the business. This case can also give the competitors a competitive advantage as they can use unethical behavior by the business to lure customers to purchase their products (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2009, p. 79). Business ethics improves customer relation. Moral conduct of a business plays a greater role in attracting customers to the business (Kline, 2010, p. 39). Customers like to be associated with a business that has a clean reputation. Poor moral values by the business distance the customers from the business. Therefore, employe es hold a very important part in enhancing customer relations. Business ethics increases brand equity. Brand equity is the public valuation of business’ brand name. The brand name attracts investors towards the business. This increase capital that the business holds therefore enabling the business to compete effectively in the market. This capital is also used in diversification of the company operations therefore enabli

Music Essays- Rave Culture Music

Music Essays- Rave Culture Music Rave Culture Music Since its emergence in the late 1980s, the subculture referred to as â€Å"rave† has become a significant global youth phenomenon. Postmodern scholars tend to treat the rave subculture as one of disappearance and pleasure. The â€Å"armchair† approach of postmodernists is inherently flawed because it fails to acknowledge the meaningful spiritual experiences of those attending raves. Scott R. Hutson’s â€Å"The Rave: Spiritual Healing in Modern Western Subcultures†introduces an opposing theory that raving is a spiritual practice wherein the symbolic processes embedded in culture create appropriate frameworks for healing. Gilbert Rouget’s conceptualization of trance and how it is managed in the ritual context provide the analytical foundations for this spiritual practice. This paper will analyze the role of the DJ as a leader of a possession trance ritual who â€Å"aided by key symbols, guides the ravers on an ecstatic journey to paradise- a pre-soci al state of non-differentiation and communitas† (Hutson 1999:54). Raves have increasingly become the focus of books, movies, and media coverage, and the culture has been the undercurrent behind some of the latest music and fashion trends. Described by Merchant and McDonald as â€Å"the most vibrant, popular and visible cultural expression of young people† (Merchant and McDonald 1994:16), rave culture has had such an enormous impact on the mainstream youth and popular culture that it is now often considered part of the mainstream. The electronic and rhythmically repetitive nature of the music, the long hours of dancing, the semi-legal secret location, and the ingestion of psychoactive substances, differentiate raves from other youth parties. When combined, these features are specifically designed to promote feelings of connectedness, spirituality, and a state of â€Å"ecstasy† among contemporary youth. At the heart of these proceedings one encounters the individual responsible for the success or failure of the event: the Disc-Jockey or DJ. Using equipment to manipulate the rhythm, sound, and lighting, the DJ guides individuals through a psychological journey of what some have described as healing, identity transformation, and spiritual growth. Get help with your essay from our expert essay writers A small body of recent publications on raves reflects the growing recognition that the rave scene provides a spiritual outlet for many contemporary youth. The DJ’s position within this culture as a spiritual leader and guide has also been noted. What is uncertain, however, is the specific nature of this role. Poschardt contends that the DJ’s tendency toward â€Å"laconic autism† has made him a difficult object of study that has â€Å"remained untouched by academic study† (Poschardt 1995:17). Similarly, Fikentscher observes that â€Å"his gradual rise in the hierarchy of the music industry has not been accompanied by a corresponding growth in academic literature† (Fikentscher 2000:33). Although similarities have been noted between the function of the DJ in the rave culture, and that of the shaman in traditional cultures, a precise and in-depth academic analysis of the DJ’s work is lacking. It is often assumed that what ravers experience during raves is â€Å"ecstasy,† but a definition or thorough investigation of this state of consciousness is lacking. Similarly, references to â€Å"trance† or hypnotic states are also presented as fact but explanations and interpretations of these states and how they are elicited are usually glossed over. Some authors appear to be completely baffled by the altered states of consciousness (ASC’s) encountered at raves, their position clearly illustrates a poor understanding of ASC phenomena. One author explains that â€Å"ravers move in a hypnotic delirium which has been described as a ‘trance dance.’ It is as if some sort of spell has been cast over them causing the throng to lose themselves in their own thoughts while the pounding of the music remains starkly unobtrusive† (MacDonald et al. 1998:243). Postmodern scholars seem to avoid the subject of ASC’s altogether, while acknowledging the ineffable quality of the experience as grounds for its exclusion from academic inquiry. Additionally, the DJ’s expertise and the symbiotic relationship he develops with the dancers has also been neglected, perhaps due to the embodied, performative, and intuitive elements under which these processes are informed. In an attempt to explain this neglect, Gerard states that â€Å"while the dance music press, insider accounts and testimonials from DJs and dancers suggested a fertile ground for investigation, scholars tended to avoid the dialectical possibilities inherent in performance analyses or phenomenologically inspired investigations by simply treating such interactions as somehow ineffable† (Gerard 2004:170). Another embodied element so central to raving is body movement, that is the dance experience, and as Malbon remarks â€Å"I note the reticence and/or inability of both clubbers and academics to discuss dancing† (Malbon 1999:71). It is probable that this reticence is partially rooted in the limitations of an â€Å"armchair† approach. It is obvious that many scholars of rave and club culture have never physically participated in the contexts they are writing about. This armchair methodology is addressed by Gerard and Sidnell who call for an approach that is instead framed in the â€Å"immediate:† Rather than attempting to extricate symbolic meanings or covert subcultural agendas, future studies of contemporary dance music would be best served from the dance floor and not the armchair. If as a number of authors have suggested, these music and dance spaces can be likened to ritual events, we should approach them as such-not by serving enactment from text, as Bruce Kapferer has cautioned, but by framing analysis in the immediate and locally organized contexts of performance (Gerard and Sidnell 2000:36). This paper is an investigation the precise function of the DJ within the rave culture. This involves an investigation of the DJ’s training, of his techniques of the mechanisms involved in inducing altered states of consciousness (ASC’s) in the rave context, of the experience of the participants with these states, and of the relationship between the DJ and rave participants. Much of the DJ’s elevated status and recent success has to do with the artistic license and technological innovations in music production that afford today’s DJs with seemingly limitless opportunities for creative development. This forces the DJ into a role as a paradoxical artist, a meta-musician whose performance is based on prerecorded music. The profession thus questions the traditional notion of live performance and as Poschardt states, â€Å"questions the traditional concept of the artist, blows it apart and re-establishes it in overhauled form† (Poschardt 1995:15-16). An emblematic figure of the postmodern era, the DJ has been likened to a writer, an editor, and even a weaver of mosaics and tapestries. This is largely due to the techniques of mixing, remixing, and sampling, procedures that make each performance spontaneous, unique, unexpected, and thus â€Å"live† as opposed to prerecorded. Combining two records is referred to as mixing, remixing in volves altering and therefore reinterpreting and existing song, and sampling consists of inserting any sound, musical passage, or rhythm into an existing track at any desired point. This is where the creative element and metaphor of the DJ as writer is relevant: I love the idea of continuous sampling: like remixing everything as you go so writing is like that. Just like you’re probably going to do edits, cuts and splice when you’re editing this tape, I mean you do that with language, even when you’re speaking, you’re always picking and choosing what words you’re using, the way you’re going to describe something so everything is a mix. I’m mainly a writer, DJ’ing to me†¦ every DJ is a writer, you’re using the urban landscape as your book, as your novel, as your text, so everything is writing (‘DJ Spooky’ in Reiss 1999). The ability to create new sounds and sample virtually anything also emphasizes the freedom of the artist. While there are â€Å"DJ schools,† information resources on the internet, and technical manuals available to those entering the DJ profession, most DJs are self-taught and the process of learning and refining skills for oneself seems to be the ultimate rite of passage into the trade. For the most part, DJs seem to frown upon professional schools that offer courses in DJ’ing, feeling that these schools are no more than the product of a recent fad. Most seemed to agree that experience and intuition are the greatest tools for learning available to an amateur, and these cannot be acquired in an academic institution. The notion of being self taught still allows DJs to be influenced by others or to have their careers assisted along the way. Fikentscher characterizes DJ’ing as an oral tradition where knowledge is passed down to new artists from the DJs that come before them (Fikentscher 2000:44). Like raves, DJs on the rise develop a following through word of mouth and the circulation of their music. At clubs and raves, the local and unknown DJs are given the opportunity to spin in the peripheral rooms while the headliner DJs spin in the main room. Through this kind of exposure, a DJ can develop a following and eventually graduate to the central room which houses the best lighting and sound equipment. DJs have also been known to collaborate with other musicians in producing records, and even tour with other DJs thus picking up techniques along the way. A DJ must have an extensive knowledge of music tracks and remember such details as the rhythm, the vocals, and key structure, so that the current song will be complementary to the track that it is being combined or sampled with. Just as many ravers note an alteration in the way they perceive Techno music through continued participation in the subculture, DJs also identified a change in their musical perception that is oriented toward the more technical aspects of the music. Evidence for this kind of neural entertainment is supported by the finding that the analytic left brain tends to dominate musical processing in trained musicians, whereas for the untrained it is the right hemisphere that dominates (Wilkinson 2000:1). While there has been considerable discussion surrounding MDMA or Ecstasy use as a prerequisite for fully understanding and appreciating electronic music, in contrast to the majority of rave-goers who advocate drug use to â€Å"get into† the music, all of the DJs interviewed in a study by Dr. Melanie L. Takahashi disagreed with this view. Although a majority had tried MDMA or other dance related drugs, the sentiment that the music combined with the skill of the DJ in its own right were enough to elicit an ASC appeared to dominate. The DJ’s adeptness for musical perception and producing musical triggers for trance states could explain the incongruity between DJs’ and participants’ views concerning drug use. All subjects interviewed performed their sets without taking drugs, the reason given being that these substances would negatively affect the concentration required to perform a live show. Instrumentalists of possession rituals are reported to not ingest psychoactives or enter into trance during performances for similar reasons. According to Rouget, â€Å"to do so would be incompatible with their function, which is to provide for hours on end and sometimes on several consecutive days, music whose execution must continuously adapt itself to the circumstances† (Rouget 1985:103-104). Rouget argues that these musicians must therefore be external to the cult, such that they are not vulnerable to the music, or they must be experienced adepts who are able to withstand the effects of the music (Rouget 1985:104). As the DJ is given the power to introduce the participants to an experience, it becomes increasingly important for the DJ to sustain the integrity of that experience. In Gerard’s 2004 article â€Å"Selecting Ritual: DJs, Dancers and Liminality in Underground Dance Music,† Gerard describes the importance of flow by framing the dance experience, and the process of mixing, as conduits for â€Å"liminality† as defined by Victor Turner (Turner 2003:176). The DJ employs what Gerard coins as â€Å"techniques of liminality† which create periods of uncertainty for the dancers following the resolution. When the flow is interrupted by poor mixing â€Å"the flash of spontaneous communitas is potentially threatened; dancers are often drawn out of their ecstatic state; they return to an increased awareness of both setting and self, and sometimes abandon the dance floor† (Gerard 2004: 176). In order to avoid losing experiential integrity, DJs function in a manner similar to instrumentalists in possession rituals by developing an intimate and symbiotic relationship with the dancers. The dancers’ ability to achieve an â€Å"ecstatic† state is dependent on the DJ’s stage presence, his proficiency in intuitively â€Å"reading† and responding to the crowd, and his ability to form a temporary bond with the dancers. Without these skills, the techniques of trance induction on their own right are generally inadequate for eliciting what participants call an â€Å"ecstatic† state. In ceremonial possession, the notion of performance is a central element to the ritual. Instrumentalists perform for an audience, and irrespective of an individual’s familiarity with the music, the trance state is only induced within the ritual context in the presence of others. Furthermore, additional aspects of raves that are paired with the music (i.e. lighting, psychoactives) are generally absent at home even though they play an important role in trance induction. Also absent outside of the rave context is the interpersonal relationship between the DJ and the participants. Similarly on the subject of possession rituals, Rouget emphasizes the importance of the connection between the instrumentalists and the dancers, stating â€Å"in order to induce trance in a particular person the priests and musicians establish a special relationship with him, make him an object of their ‘solicitude,’ address themselves to him in an exclusive way, and become at the same time very attentive to what he himself is feeling† (Rouget 1985:112). At raves, participants recognize that a DJ must be selfless in order to establish this special bond. Although most DJs have a general idea of the style of music and the songs that they will play, it is accepted that flexibility is more important, and this is particularly relevant for touring DJs who must also adapt to regional differences in music taste: I know the records that are good to start the evening, but I don’t prepare my set in advance. I watch and I react. I try to adapt. Every city is influenced by the people who initially created the scene. You have to adapt and still be true to yourself. In Germany, I play techno. In Belgium and Switzerland, it’s more funky tech house. In Spain, it’s predominantly techno, except in Barcelona and Ibiza where it’s house (‘Jack de Marseille’ in Huegli 2002:69). The active role of the crowd in shaping the mood and atmosphere of the party also favors a more spontaneous approach. It is believed that DJs who prioritize the tastes of the crowd over their own, are humble DJs and that this quality is a precondition to a â€Å"people’s DJ† (Brewster and Broughton 1999:11-12). Cues indicating a DJ’s humbleness that were remarked upon, are gestures suggesting appreciation and gratitude toward the crowd such as bowing, clapping, eye-contact, and smiling. These gestures also play an important role in breaking the artist/spectator barrier and this strengthens, and reifies the connection between the DJ and the dancers. Breaking the barrier between the artist and participant is another reason why DJ booths are centrally located at raves. It is important that the DJ see the dancers so that he can respond to them, and it is equally important for the participants to be in close physical proximity to the DJ, so that his personality and presence are able to come through: I don’t feel like I have to hide and say, â€Å"No one should see me when I DJ. It’s all about the music.† Bullshit! People always need someone they can connect to and they can identify with. I always felt that I could bring the music across in a more convincing way by using my personality. Because I give people an honest feeling. The most important thing is to see people standing happily on the dance floor in the end (Sven Vath in Huegli 2002:18). All of these factors are conducive to breaking the barrier between the DJ and the dancers. The communication that occurs between the two is much more than music, lyrics, and the dance movements, or what Rouget refers to as the â€Å"level of the code† (Rouget 1985:113). In reference to possession rituals, communication is established â€Å"at the personal level, the emotional level of direct person-to-person relationships† (Rouget 1985:113). The active role of the dancers also reinforces the dismantling of the barrier between the performer and audience, and this is where the concept of the feedback loop between the DJ and participants is relevant. As DJ Spooky puts it, â€Å"the DJ/audience relationship is like a symbiosis you know, it’s like a biological structure you know, I mean it’s like you are sending out information and pulses that the crowd in a way then sends back to you, and like you’re like a focal point of the energy of these gathered people† (Reiss 1999). There is also an emotional element involved in this symbiotic relationship which targets the DJ with responsibility for the emotions of the crowd of dancers. The DJ’s emotional state can be transmitted to the crowd through his music and consequently impacts the condition of the dancers. A DJ’s seeming lack of enthusiasm, his failure to make eye-contact, smile, or dance are indicators suggesting that he isn’t having a good time, and this has consequences on the crowd. While the crowd is sensitive to these nonverbal indicators of the DJ’s affective state, the DJ’s mental state can influence his choice of music, and this too will impact the experience of the dancers. While electronic music has been accused by some of being repetitive, bland, and even minimal, there is a strong correlation between the genres of Techno music and affect. For example, Terrorcore, Industrial Hardcore, Jungle, and Drum n’ Bass, are noted for bringing out aggressive and negative emotional states in some individuals. Bold, militant rhythmic patterns, sounds of machinery, people screaming, and vocals with coarse language, are the kinds of sounds attributed to some of these music styles. It is generally felt that the people who are looking to experience negativ e and aggressive states seek out these types of events. In contrast, Trance, House, and Happy Hardcore, are generally characterized by warm melodic styles and positive lyrics that are noted for engendering such feelings as love, a sense of well-being, connectedness, and spirituality among participants. Depending on his mood, the DJ can choose tracks with vocals and melodies that accentuate positive themes, or tracks with sounds and lyrics that concentrate on the darker aspects of life. This is why a participant’s sense of trust in the DJ is so important. It becomes evident that there is a shared feeling of uncertainty arising from the inability to pinpoint the DJ’s intentions: I realized that the DJ had POWER over me. I was basically prostituting for the DJ: I was a slave to what he had (the promise of the climax) and he was flexing his power and tweaking with me to see how much I could stretch myself out for it. It really scared me†¦ I think some DJs definitely hold the power of a cult in their turntables and in their speakers, and it’s really not something that I want to get down on my knees for. Just a thought, I’m not bagging here. I still think rave is one of the best things the 20th century has to offer, but I think that if left unchecked, it could turn on us (cited in Takahashi and Olaveson 2003:86). At raves, the trance state is very much dependent on the individual’s willingness to let go and trust the DJ in allowing him to guide the nature of his or her experience. One DJ regards the dancers as having a responsibility to meet him half way, â€Å"As long as they are open for a while and let themselves go, they have the opportunity to feel things the way I intended them to† (Heiko Laux, in Huegli 2002). Here again, the similarities between possession rituals and raves are apparent. Rouget characterizes the relation of the possessee to the musicians as â€Å"the submission of the former to the latter† (Rouget 1985:112). The following description of the ndop ceremony highlights many of these striking resemblances including the instrumentalist’s ability to observe and respond to the dancers’ movements, and the bond established between the two: In fact, a close interpersonal relationship develops at this point between drummer and possessee. The drummer takes charge of her, so to speak. Keeping very close to her, never leaving her side, concentrating on her slightest movements, incessantly observing her behavior in order to: speed up the tempo, or, on the contrary, relax it; select the necessary types of beat; and adjust the intensity of the stroke. Communicating the rhythm of the dance to her, he holds the possessed woman in his sway and leads her into the ever more violent whirlwind of his music. But if he is able to lead her in this way, and finally guide her where he wishes, it is because he has been able to establish a close understanding with her. It is because he can follow her that he is able to dominate her and impose his will upon her. He is the master of the game, but within a dialogue. He speaks music and she replies dance (Rouget 1985:112). The theme of submission is also apparent in possession ceremonies in relation to the spirit beings that possess cult members. In the case of Haitian Vodou, for example, Bourguignon highlights extreme passivity as one of the prerequisites for trance induction: However, one aspect of submission-dominance seems of importance in relation to possession trance: in person, as we have seen, is said to be â€Å"mounted† by the spirit, to be his â€Å"horse.† The personality of the individual, one of his souls called â€Å"gros bon ange,† is displaced and the body is taken over by the spirit. In other words, there is total subjection to the spirit and total submission to him (or her). The spirit, as a powerful superhuman entity, can do as he pleases, both with the horse he has mounted and with other human beings present. We thus have an expression of extreme passivity in this interpretation of possession trance (Bourguignon 1976:40). At raves, references to the power of music in directing the body are reminiscent of possession’s horse and rider metaphor. According to Sylvan, these accounts of submitting to the music â€Å"suggest a trance state very similar to possession, in which music becomes the rider and the body becomes the horse, but without reference to any specific possessing spirit† (Sylvan 2002:129). In the rave locale, the DJ is equally influenced by the emotions of the crowd, where participant feedback is transmitted at the visceral level. While it is not unusual for participants to demonstrate their admiration for a DJ by whistling or chanting his name, for the most part, crowd feedback is nonverbal. Occurring as sets of coordinated body techniques that all ravers seem to intuitively know and all DJs can follow, these moves are acquired at the corporal level and most ravers seem to be unconscious or unaware of these movements. The responses to the DJ are well coordinated from an observer’s point of view. Fikentscher calls the sum of individual dancing bodies the â€Å"collective performance† wherein the bodies of the dancers can potentially unite to form â€Å"one musical instrument† (Fikentscher 2000:58-59). As McCall suggests, this process is mediated by dancers’ observation of subconscious cues. These cues create a system where â€Å"people are helping each other dance without knowing it, feeding off the collective anticipation for that moment of synergy where it feels like utter madness: cheers, claps, whistles, hands in the air. Suddenly everyone is dancing in unison† (McCall 2001:93). When the dancers are in sync with one another, the boundaries between individuals seem to vanish as the crowd appears to function as one organism (McCall 2001:95). This process of synchronization also encompasses the entry into a collective psychic space. In Music and Trance: A Theory of the Relations Between Music and Possession, Rouget emphasizes that rituals of possession are embedded within rich cultural traditions wherein trance is a learned and culturally patterned process. In these traditions, the musical motifs, instruments, and dance steps are localized to specific gods and myths, and thus the music operates as â€Å"the principal means of socializing trance† (Rouget 1985:323). Rouget argues that it is the possessee’s ability to identify emotionally with the music and dancing as signifiers of cultural knowledge, that enables him to enter the trance state. This is where electronic music departs from possession music. Although raves are emotionally charged events, the music and dance movements are not rooted in a specific cultural tradition other than rave. Nevertheless, there is an inherent power in the music to evoke extraordinary states of consciousness and this is where the universal agents involved in trigger ing trance are paramount. DJs have not only utilized these mechanisms to induce trance among participants, but the available technology in sound and music production has given artists the means to refine these practices into a science of precision. To a certain extent, these technological advancements compensate for the lack of cultural signifiers, as DJs have access to a range of equipment that is clearly absent in ceremonial possession. Electronic music producers are creating works that are intended to elicit specific states in the brain, and advancements in sound and visual effects at raves create the optimal listening environment for these tracks. Even though the sophisticated scripted process of initiation as observed in ceremonial possession is lacking at raves, these features when combined with the DJ’s proficiency in track selection and crowd interaction, and the learning on the part of participants in recognizing and responding to the DJ’s cues, account for the ASC’s that people are reporting at raves. Many DJs as well as experienced rave participants have developed their senses in such a way that they perceive Techno music differently than those who have never been exposed to it. This shift in musical perception is a learned by-product of repeatedly exposing the auditory system to new stimuli, and this transition is a key part of the scripted process as well as a prerequisite to ASC induction. For DJs and their fans, listening entertainment is only a small part of the electronic music scene. Specifically, the tones, frequencies and beats of electronic music are designed by producers and further refined by DJs to target the body in precise ways. Electronic music is intended to be physically experienced and this is evinced by the fact that many veterans of the rave scene describe the music as having a three-dimensional vibrational quality that transcends the traditional way music is perceived. The body-centered quality of the music is deeply intrinsic to electronic music culture and this is the common thread that links the numerous classifications of rave music. Computer technology has provided the DJ with the power to totally control the means of perception at raves. Whereas â€Å"the tonalities and structures of traditional music are limited by the parameters of the instruments on which they are played† electronic music â€Å"sets tonality loose releasing creativity from the discipline-and exclusivity-of musicianship† (Hemment 1997:29). As Gauthier remarks, â€Å"Techno becomes a presence that cannot be ignored-more, it is a shock whose intensity is only matched by the body’s urge to give in to it, an aggression made positive through the festive context† (Gauthier 2004:75). The dominance of the music is also supported by the high volume of the music. According to Fikentscher, this ensures the authority of the DJ as the music establishes â€Å"absolute priority over other acoustic phenomena: conversation, handclapping, foot stomping, yelling, whistling† (Fikentscher 2003:85). Some electronic musicians are even experimenting with sounds that go beyond the human auditory range. Fritz argues that sounds that vibrate through the body without being heard â€Å"may be partly responsible for the powerful emotional response people have when listening to rave music† (Fritz 1999:78). While the majority of DJs are not necessarily versed in the scientific literature on trance states, or use scientific language to describe what they do, there is an underlying intuitive knowledge of what works with the crowd at raves. Rouget observes that an interruption in the music’s flow is used cross-culturally to induce trance. Such catalysts as the acceleration of tempo, the crescendo in volume, the use of polyrhythm, rhythmic changes such as syncopation, and even a brief cessation of the music, are techniques that interrupt the music’s flow, triggering trance (Rouget 1985:80-84). Rouget notes that most possession ceremonies begin slowly, gradually intensifying throughout the evening with the onset of possession being the climax of the event (ibid 1985:80-84). The methods implemented by instrumentalists in interrupting the music’s flow function to intensify the sound and atmosphere of possession rituals. With electronic music, the idea of tension and releas e is a built-in characteristic of all classifications of rave music. Thus while Trance, Jungle, and House may differ with regard to tempo, meter, instrumentation, and use of lyrics, the same techniques of building tension are employed by DJs in all three genres. As Reynolds notes â€Å"rave music has always been structured around the delay of climax† and the anticipation of a â€Å"plateau of bliss that can be neither exceeded nor released† (Reynolds 1994:56). This paper examined the role of the electronic music DJ, and how DJ’ing has evolved into an art-from as well as a science. Technology has played a pivotal role in shaping the development of rave culture. At its core, the music that binds this global culture together is created, exchanged, performed, and experienced through computer-mediated technology. According to Wilson, â€Å"a reverence to and celebration of technology, and an implicit and explicit belief in ‘progress through technology,’† is one of the underlying doctrines of rave culture (Wilson 2003:386). As Gauthier remarks in reference to rave culture, â€Å"technology is synonymous with possibility, and stands as a prerequisite for creation, gathering and effervescence† (Gauthier 2004:71). Raves would be crippled without technology and this reinforces Reynolds’ point that rave music is not about â€Å"what the music ‘means’ but how it works† (Reynolds 1998:9). The DJ is the expert in knowing how electronic music works. His expansive knowledge of repertoire, aptitude for musical memory, technical prowess at the turntable, charismatic presence on stage, and ability to interact with, read, and manipulate the crowd, have awarded him the power to take his dancers on what participants have described as an â€Å"ecstatic† journey.

How Belief Systems Effect Politics :: essays research papers

The belief systems of the modern world have helped determine the policies and politics of nations around the world. For centuries before, and almost definitely for decades after now, there will be disputed between people and countries on account of their faith. Religions have started wars, ended them, impacted, and persuaded people. Needless to say, beliefs are very influential on the world today. People of different faiths don’t only fight over their basic beliefs and land but they end conflicts. Making amends between religious groups greatly helps relieve the constant strain of division that we are all too aware of these days. The Lutheran religion began 482 years ago when monk, Martin Luther, attacked the practices of the Catholic Church. These who followed his ideas eventually into what we call Lutherans today. For those 482 years, Lutherans and Catholics have stayed divided on uneasy terms. Now the leaders of the modern Lutheran and Catholic churches both signed a document that laid to rest those many years of differences under the explanation that it was all a misunderstanding. Sometimes different faiths just don’t seem like they want to even try to compromise on a conflict. The Jordanian Muslims and the Israeli Jews fighting over which side of the Jordan River Jesus was baptized on is a perfect example of this. The Muslims have invested over one million dollars t fix up the site. The site will bring in expectantly millions of tourists and with them billions of dollars that will be spent locally to boost the economy. Looking past the irony of the Jews and Muslims disputing over a Christian site, the focal point of the quarreling is that such a site will bring. The Pope and Prince Charles have already scheduled a visit, but as of now, no resolve has come about. These days it’s not always conflicts between two specific regions, but between regions occupied by faiths who disagree on certain topics. The two groups being the Israelis and the Palestinians, and the compromise on the rift in the settler movement conflict arising in those countries. To the Jews the West Bank is part of the greater Land of Israel, given by God to the Jews. To cement their control over the land, the Jews built forty-two hilltop encampments on the West Bank. They did this to prevent it from becoming a Palestinian state. The Palestinian government claimed that some of the outposts didn’t have the necessary building papers and twelve of those sites were dismantled.

Explore the ways in which Frayn presents the character of Keith in Spies Essay

Frayn presents the character of Keith in Spies through the protagonist Stephen’s recollection of their childhood adventures as best friends. Keith is shown as aware and confident in his knowledge and status, with an imagination so seemingly limitless to the point of violence. Despite this, Frayn evokes sympathy from the reader by portraying Keith for what he truly is: a young boy who uses the spying game as a means of escape from what appears a normal, but harsh upbringing. Frayn presents Keith in relation to Stephen, within the context of their friendship. Through their contrasting characteristics and family backgrounds their personalities are created. Frayn’s use of Stephen as a subservient yet contented friend highlights Keith’s dominance: â€Å"He [Keith] was the leader, and I was the led.. He was the officer corps†¦ I was the Other Ranks, and grateful to be so.† Frayn’s use of repeated sentence structure emphasises the divide in status of the two. The relationship is presented as balanced by both Stephen and Keith’s contentedness of the power imbalance. Stephen is ‘grateful’ to follow Keith, who enjoys being leader. Keith’s dominance and power over Stephen is made evident, especially as Frayn presents Keith, in Stephen’s eyes, as somewhat of a god: â€Å"One single heroic deed, to lay at Keith’s feet in the morning.† This image that is portrayed is that of a sacrifice, an offering to compensate for what Stephen feels are his inadequacies, and his betrayal of Keith’s trust. Frayn also makes it evident that Keith’s assumed superiority above other children comes from his awareness of his status in society. Again Frayn uses Stephen’s memory as a framework to subtly inform the reader of Keith’s social status. In Stephen’s memory they are ‘socially colour-coded-’ Keith’s ‘yellow and black’ uniform immediately identifies him as coming from the ‘right’ school. Keith does not talk to other children in the Close, only to Stephen, whom he can easily manipulate. Frayn demonstrates Keith’s insensitivity as he patronises Stephen with â€Å"Go home if you’re bored, old bean,† a term Keith’s father uses on him to signal a punishment. Frayn clearly uses this phrase to demonstrate Keith echoing his father’s threat  towards him, this time it is directed at Stephen. In this case, however, the punishment Keith intends for Stephen is not a caning, but the humiliati on of appearing like a child in their pretend adult spying game. Through Keith, Frayn demonstrates the power of a child’s imagination. From the outset he introduces Keith as an imaginative boy who leads fantastic ‘expeditions’ like investigating murderer-neighbours. This idea is further developed by Frayn with, â€Å"My mother†¦ is a German spy.† This shows Keith’s awareness of his mother’s unusual and deceptive behaviour, with the war as a backdrop adding realism to his game. Frayn shows Keith’s imagination as an escape from his ‘perfectly ordered bedroom’- a reflection of his father’s strict control of the house. Frayn employs the use of Keith’s father’s character to create fearsomeness within Keith’s character himself. The reader empathises with Stephen’s feeling of terror at Keith, as Frayn creates apprehension at Keith’s arrival into the boys’ den and the iconic ‘bayonet’ is taken out. In contrast with Barbara Berrill’s perception of it as simply and more importantly, realistically, a ‘carving knife’- in Keith’s hands tension is immediately created: portrayed as an echo of Mr Hayward through learned behaviour, Keith is capable of inflicting physical pain and violence, and does so. He makes a dismissive comment to Stephen, â€Å"If you think that hurt, you don’t know what hurting is.† One the one hand this could be interpreted as Keith’s typical undermining of Stephen’s feelings, challenging him to act like the brave, invincible adult Keith perceives himself to be. On the other hand , it could be read as a cry for help, suggesting that for Keith, physical pain from his father is more bearable than being restricted of his freedom to be what he truly is: a child. In Keith Frayn shows a lost childhood, exploring within it the idea of secrets of what seem ‘normal’ and flawless in the surface, presenting imagination as a way to violence, and alternatively, a means of escapism from a harsh world.